Sustainable crumb rubber modified asphalt mixtures based on low-temperature crack propagation characteristics using the response surface methodology

Fracture regime of asphalt concrete is utmost importance in the sustainable design optimized mixtures against low-temperature cracking. The energy dissipated blunting crack tip, stable growth, as well post-peak resistance to propagating comprise overall fracture performance mixtures. In this research, employing curve (R-curve) concept, three parameters: cohesive energy, and rate, are extracted quantify propagation incorporating ground recycled waste tire. A temperature range 0 °C ?20 with %, 10 20 % crumb rubber contents (CRC) were considered experiments carried out Single Edge notched Beam (SE(B)) testing protocol. An environmental index comprising CO2 CH4 emissions, consumption, was developed production cost AC samples also determined. based on Central Composite Design (CCD) applied. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) used develop best model between response, factor, cost, input mixture properties. Multi-objective optimization scenarios assessed by RSM a 4.74 binder content 19.5 incorporation resulted optimal mix for maximum response minimized concerns low temperatures. effects costs average reduced 15 1 respectively responses have been improved compared reference optimum (CRC = 0).